What is a dual function of circuit breakers in residential systems?

Circuit breakers serve an essential role in residential electrical systems by providing both overcurrent protection and short circuit protection. Overcurrent protection is crucial because it prevents the flow of excessive current that could potentially overheat wires and damage electrical components or create a fire hazard. This is typically achieved by using either thermal or magnetic mechanisms within the breaker, which detect when current exceeds safe levels.

Short circuit protection is also a vital function of circuit breakers. A short circuit occurs when there is a direct connection between the live conductors, bypassing the resistance of the load, which leads to an extremely high current flow. The circuit breaker quickly detects this abrupt increase in current and trips to interrupt the electrical flow, thus safeguarding the system from severe damage.

The combination of these two protective features allows circuit breakers to enhance the safety and reliability of residential electrical installations, ensuring that any overcurrent situation is managed effectively.